Organizational Structure Of Nestle Pakistan Marketing Essay

organisational Structure Of come on Pakistan Marketing EssayNow companies ar improving their intersection by adopting different strategies in which reflexive integrating is one of them. Backward Integration is a type of plumb integration in which a company gets bear over its suppliers to improve the efficiency and save the cost which improves its meshing margins and make the firm more competitive. Backward integration occurs done acquiring input suppliers, establishing long-run contracts with existing suppliers or investing in new input employment capableness through internal corporate growth.The main advantages of backward integration disregarding of the effort argon decreased commercializeing expenses, the stability of surgerys, the reliablety of supplies of materials, much control on the distribution of products, tighter flavor control, the on time review of cunning and allocation policies, more control over inventory, and additional profit margins or the abili ty to charge lower prices on final products. These advantages must be weighed against the disadvantages which commonly atomic number 18 disparities among productive capacities at a range of stages of manufacturing, governmental pressure, lack in interest of specialty, the firmness of operations, the extension of the forethought team and lack of control competitive influence on the costs of transitional products.BackgroundThis report highlights the comparison of two companies from Pakistan Food Industry the ENGRO FOODS and NESTLE PAKISTAN, which are applying backward integration to enhance their occupation capability. In Pakistan these are the top roughly companies which are playing a vital role in the solid food industry through their dairy farm and beverage products.Nestle is a subsidiary of Swiss origin company which headquarter is fit(p) in vevey, Switzerland. Nestle Pakistan started its operations in 1988 with the collaboration of take out Pak Ltd in Pakistan which is further took over total control in 1992. In Pakistan, its head quarter is rigid in Lahore and the company currently operating quartet production facilities. Two of its factories are located in sheikhupura and Kabirwala while one in capital of Pakistan and one in Karachi. It has also the biggest milk collection operation in Pakistan through which they collects milk from an estimated 190,000 farmers and from their dairy farms located in different areas of Pakistan. Nestle Pakistan is currently the leading food beverage company of Pakistan.While Engro food is another biggest and fastest enlarge company in Pakistan. In 2005 Engro Foods contain was established and it is 100% stimulateed by Engro technical deal. Engro Foods limited began their operations in 2006 and inwardly 5 years they make realization to their competitor by increasing their market share gradually. At the end of 2010 Engro Foods Limited took control in the market of Ultra High Temperature by launching new pro ducts including ice run down, juices, powder milk and flavoured milk which sub collectible great potential to compete in future. The fellowship is also entering into globular markets. Its first mission is that to administer a Halal food business in North America known as Al-Safa, which was recently acquired by Engro Corporation at a total cost of 6.3 mn dollars.INDUSTRY OVERVIEWRecently a seminar Current Status of Foods Industry in Pakistan Threats and Challenges was held at Lahore on September 07, 2012 in which different analysts of PCSIR and Federal Minister of Science and Technology addresses that food industry in Pakistan has become the second largest industry by participating with 17% share in GDP and in Pakistan it is now become well-nigh consuming industry because people spent 42% of their earnings in foods products. And at the end of the session some analysts point out weak point of the food industry that the in appropriate management of food products and the large harv est losses in vegetables, fruits and grain create a food shortage in market.There are several sectors of food industry while some are given below which are related to the project report, we lead mainly focus on these. These sectors are as followsdairyJuices applesauce plectrons2.1 DairyDairy sector is one of the most important sectors of Pakistan which affects more than 10 mn families. There are a parcel out of companies in Pakistan who are purchasing milk from farmers for their satisfaction. The dairy industry is providing packed milk to its consumers in the shape of UHT, Pasteurized, Tea Whitener and Flavored milk. The industry is also producing Ice Cream, Yoghurt, Cheese, thoter and miscellaneous food items for childrens.milk is the most consumable food item having a life of 4 hours under at a certain temperature level of room. Pakistan is 3rd leading milk producing country in the world with more than 47 billion litters production and 11.30% contribution in GDP and a milk eco nomy that in value terms is 27.7% of the total agriculture sector. According to analysts the milk production is expected to grow at 2% annually, except the processed industry is only 7% of operated milk. The milk, rest wastages and farmer preservation is 20.7 bn liters of which 1.4 bn goes into processing and the rest is sold as a commodity in retail outlets and through door to door Gawala system. So, there is an immense prospect and +prospective to grow the processed milk business.The processed milk has discussion sectioned into three categories to witAmbient UHTPowder2.1.1 Ambient UHTAs of 2010, Ambient UHT constitutes only 4% of the total Tradable Milk segment. Industry volumes induct grown 10% from 2006-2010 and the market surface was 790 million liters as of December 2010.2.1.2 PowderCurrently, the size of it of the branded powder market is approximately 57,000 tons, which uses approximately 540 mn liters of milk and 3% of tradable milk. Powder market size has grown 17% from 2006 to 2010 and it is expected to grow 14% in the next five years due to economy that powder offers as easy as its specialize use as increment up and infant nutrition source. Nestle Pakistan is the market attraction in this segment.2.2 JuicesThe Juices, Nectars and Still drinks market are of 507 Million Liters which has total market value of PKR 31 Billion. This market is subdivided into Juice and Nectar and Value added Still Drinks. Juices contain 100% fruit substance, Nectar contain 25% to 99% fruit substance while still drinks contain 0 to 24 % fruit substance value added still drinks have advance(a) packaging or addition of pulp etc. Nestle Pakistan is the market leader in this segment.2.3 Ice CreamThe Ice Cream sector of Pakistan has growing constantly and registers a volume growth of 20% in 2010 as compare to 2009. The overall volume of ice cream sold in 2010 was 71 Million liters while the total market value was PKR 8.8 billion. The industry volumes have grown 11% over the last four years. However, it is expected that growth will be higher in next five years on the back of signifi bay windowt investment by the industrys key players. Walls are the market leader in this industry which is followed by Omore.COMPANIES PROFILE3.1 Engro FoodsEngro Corporation Limited initially introduced with Engro Chemical Pakistan which rapidly built their growth in chemical industry and later onward few years Engro Chemical become Engro Corporation Limited by making diversified investment in different sector like Foods, Energy, plant food and Business solutions. It started operations in 1957 as an Esso/Mobil joint venture which discovered the Mari Gas field near Daharki.Engro food is now becoming the biggest and fastest growing company in Pakistan. From the beginning till date Engro Foods Limited 100% owned supplementary company of Engro Corporation. Engro Foods Limited operations began in the year of 2006 and indoors 5 years company started to climb the ladd er of growth rapidly. It has manage to be the market leaders in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) Industry at the end of 2010 and has launched multiple new products including Ice Cream, Flavoured Milk, Fruit Juices and Milk Powders, that show great potential for future. In order to back these products and to achieve high timbre standards Engro Foods Limited made backward integration strategy in which they heavily invested in milk processing and collection infrastructure. The Company has innovated by venturing out of the dairy sector and stepping in the Beverage Industry by launching Olfrute and ice cream industry by launching Omore.The Company is also entering into the global markets. Its first mission is to manage a Halal food business in North America known as Al-Safa, which was recently acquired by Engro Corporation at a total outlay of 6.3 mn dollars.PRODUCTION FACILITIESDairy PlantsEngro Foods has two UHT processing plants which are located in Sukkur and Sahiwal with total filling capacity of 1.1 million liter per day. Sukkur Plant capacity is 400,000 liter per day whereas Sahiwal plant facility is 700,000 liter per day. Engro Foods also has a powder plant at Sukkur with a capacity of 24 tons per day. Covered area of freehold land of Sukkur is 27 acres and Sahiwal production facility is 33 acres freehold land. These production sites are supply with plant and machinery of European origin. Sukkur Production site started its operation in Feb 2006, whereas Sahiwal plant started its operation in December 2007.Ice Cream PlantThe ice cream plant was set up in the like facility as the Dairy Plant. The total manufacturing capability of Sahiwal is 33 acres of free holding land. This provides mensural advantage to the Company in terms of the supply of raw material, the utilities, and manpower and wareho development. The ice cream plant has total capacity of 22 million liters per annum.Organizational Structure of Engro FoodsPresident/CEOSecretarySecretaryVice Presiden t ManufacturingVice President MarketingManager Public AffairManager native AuditSpecial ProjectsVice President HRVice President HRCompensation BenefitsSalesProductionAccountingRecruitmentPlanning growthMaintenanceTreasuryTraining developmentTechnical ServicesProcess EngineeringIndustrial TradeInstrumental/FleetPurchasingAdministration intelligentBrands of Engro FoodsThe product portfolio of Engro Foods comprises some of the countrys biggest and best selling brands which includeOlpersOlpers LiteOlfruteOmoreOmungOmung LassiTarang.3.2 Nestle PakistanNestle is basically a Swiss company and their head office is find in Vevey, Switzerland. And Nestle Pakistan is one of it supplementary company. Since 1988 Nestle Pakistan is working with the alliance of Milk Pak Ltd and within short time menses Nestle Pakistan took over Milk Pak Ltd. It is also listed in Karachi and Lahore Stock Exchange. Nestle Pakistan is one of the most prominent company which breaks it place among top 25 compa nies who are registered at Karachi rake swap for last couple of years.The Headquarter of Nestle is located in Lahore and the Company operates four fabrication facilities. In which the factories located in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are producing different products under same umbrella. The other factory is present in Islamabad and one in Karachi upgrade packed water. Nestle Pakistan now operates the biggest milk collection process in Pakistan. At present, Nestle Pakistan gathers milk from a projected 190,000 farmers. At present Nestle is market leader in dairy and beverage industry of Pakistan because they are very keenly focusing on Nutrition and health by covering almost at all locations throughout Pakistan to serve the consumers. Nestle Pakistan clear-cut feature is that they are the leaders in Nutrition.PRODUCTION FACILITIESSheikhupura FactoryThe factory located at sheikhpura produces many most popular products s of Nestle Pakistan much(prenominal) asMilkpak UHT milk, Nevista products,Nestle pure water,Cerelac and yogurt. The factory starts operation as part of Milkpak Ltd in 1981. Formerly it produced only UHT milk but in 1988 it had detonateed to produce butter, cream, ghee and fruit drinks as well. But with the passage of time Nido powder milk also started to produce in this factory.Kabirwala FactoryMilk Pak took over this factory which is located in Khanewal district of the Punjab in 1990. In 1997 Nestle Pakistan got 100% share of that unit.After acquiring it Nestle upgraded its capacity and in 1992 they added Maggi Noodleplant to the factory. everyplace the years past the Kabirwala factory was constantly enhanced as Everydaytea whitening powder was introduced in 2002 .Islamabad FactoryIn Islamabad Nestle insured the AVA water plant in year 2001. And in 2003 Nestle fully owned that unit. Gradually Nestle upgraded and introduced machineries to become more efficient in production through which they was able to provide differentiated products to the ir consumer with good packaging.Organizational Structure of Nestle PakistanChief ExecutiveWater GroupCorporate personal mattersHuman ResourceSupply ChainMilk Collection Agriculture ServicesNestle Business ExcellenceTechnical OperationsFinance manoeuvre UnitMarketing and Sales DivisionNational Sales ManagementLegal AffairsTechnical PurchasingFinancial AccountingCorporate purchaseTreasuryNational BrandManagementBudget ControlInformation SystemTaxationBrands of Nestle PakistanNestle Pakistan has a lot of top most brands of Pakistan which added a lot of value to Nestle Pakistan over a last couple of years likeMilkpakNevistaNidoEverydayMilkpak CreamNestle Desert creamNestle yogurtNestle fruit vitalsNestle Zeera RaitaActiplus YogurtNestle Rawaiti MazaNestle MiloNestle Nescafe4. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATIONS (BACKWARD INTEGRATION)Nestle Pakistan and Engro Foods are currently doing backward integration to enhance their production efficiency by creating their own dairy farms an d taking control of transportation. Currently they are focusing of creating their own farms to get control over their suppliers. Both the companies are also now directly approaching to the farmers and collecting milk form them as the old purpose of middle man and gawala system has start perishing. The main advantage of creating own farms is that both the companies get on time delivery of their material, which help them to enhance their production and deliver their product on time to the end consumers. The details of Engro Foods and Nestle Pakistan farms are given below4.1 Engro Foods Dairy FarmEngro Food has selected the Nara Canal due to the presence of its outstanding water, farming land availability and suitable weather for its Dairy Farm. The company has launched a comprehensive vaccination programme with the provision of unfermented water and balanced nutrition to have infection free, unafraid and happy animals at all times. The Companys Nara Dairy Farm continued to remain a rich and nutritious source of raw material for its dairy section. The Nara Farm formed over 5.8 mn liters of milk in 2011 with a total herd size of over 3,000 animals. But in 2012, Dairy Farm produced 26,979 liters of milk per day. At March 31, 2012 Dairy Farm herd increased to 3,204 animals. Through it the profit after tax stood at Rs. 5 million versus loss of Rs. 19 million in March 2011, primarily due to higher yield and production.4.2 Nestle Dairy FarmsNestle Pakistan manages the project under its Agricultural Division. Over 75 professionals are currently associated with these services intend to help inincreasing the sustainability of the dairy segment in Pakistan. They give the farmers with free technical assistance and veterinary services to build the skills of the farmers in best farming practices and improved blood line management and connect them to small businesses and to the dairy market.For this purpose,Nestle has built two demonstrations and teachingfarms, one of wh ich is still under process. The main training facility is the Sarsabz Demonstration and TrainingFarmwhichis located on Multan Road, near Okara. Thesecond training Sukeki Farm,is under in building process near Lahore. At the farm, there are more than 250 cows, animal huts,milking machinery, a teaching centre, and hostel forthe farmers, management office and obligatory farm equipment and highly qualified instructorswho train farmers on high quality dairy farming and livestock management. Nestle Pakistan has established this training facility over 103 acres of leased land as an investment for the development ofthe dairy sector and towork towardssustainable farming and an improved rural economy.5. LITERATURE REVIEWThe concept of upright integration is very old and we saw a lot of academic and legal debates over the costs and benefits of vertical integration. McGee, Bassett and Williamson (1975, 1985, 1989) verbalise that vertical integration is a mean of reducing transactions costs, a ssuring supply, reducing risk and alleviating the efficiency losses.But on the other side, economists see vertical integration as a means for firms to reduce competition or extract market rents (Scherer, Perry 1978, 1989).Perry, Hart and Tirole (1978), said that most discussions have focused on the set up of forward integration into a competitive product market and little work exists on the effects of backward integration into a competitive input market. However, Knoeber and Thurman (1996) further said that backward integration is of growing importance in many agricultural and vivid resource industries.According to Azzam (1996), backward integration occurs through acquiring input suppliers, establishing long-term contracts with existing suppliers or investing in new input production capacity through internal company growth. In some businesses, there is growing concern about the effects of such integration on remaining un- integrated input suppliers. First he said that backward-int egrated dominant firm benefits from production efficiency gains. Second he further adds that backward-integrated dominant firm may benefit from a lower acquisition price for externally supplied raw inputs.As per Blois (1972), the biggest advantages of backward integration are to lower down transportation and merchandising expense, production or operation stability, timely supplier services, high quality control, necessary revisions in production and execution policies, maintained inventory control, and high profit margin able produces to charge lower prices on finished products.While Williamson (1971) do not consider supply dependability as a necessary advantage and point out the interests harmonization and efficient utilization in process of decision making as the core advantages of backward integration. As per Williamson (1971), backward integration allows management to easily harmonized interest as possible differences can be resigned.As per Lambertini and Rossini (2008), backwa rd vertical integration is indirectly proportionate to producers and suppliers. As compare to forward vertical integration, backward vertical integration provides large incentives in investment to the manufacturer. The biggest disadvantage of backward integration for trader is that it discourages them for invention, on the other hand forward integration discourages producers to innovate. This theory is not parallel to transaction cost theory which does not consider forward and backward integration as a separate concept.Many researchers like Armour, Teece, Langlois, Robertson, Gopala Krishnan, Bierly (1980, 1989, 1992, 1996, and 2001) have stated that vertical integration facilitates the development and implementation of systemic innovations. Further, Armour and Teece (1980) argue that if the innovation at one stage involves adaptation in a preceding or a consequent stage, then the usual ownership of the various stages i.e. vertical integration enables the necessary adaptations and adjustments to be made in a timely and efficient fashion.Similarly Langlois, Robertson (1989) and Langlois (1992) propose that vertical integration is the most appropriate organizational structure for integrative systemic process innovations because the necessary learning and experience proceed faster between functions in a vertically integrated environment. Furthermore, Teece (1996) explains that vertical integration enables the successful development and implementation of systemic innovations by facilitating data flows and coordination and removing institutional barriers such as cost and benefit allocation. Similarly, Gopal krishnan and Bierly (2001) point out that establish exchange of information is easier and safer in house than between different organizations because each firm wants to gain more from the innovation and therefore unwilling to share information freely.Teece (1996) however adds that while systemic innovations favour vertically integrated structures from the c oordination point of view and some relevant technological or other capabilities needed in the development and implementation of the innovation may exist outside of the vertically integrated firm. Therefore, larger firms may still have an advantage by using their scale to create sufficient momentum and attract smaller firms to get involved with the innovation or simply by being able to secure minority investment positions in smaller firms that have the necessary capabilities needed in the innovation.6. ANAYSIS6.1Swot AnalysisStrengths Of Engro FoodsStrengths of Nestle PakistanBrand AssociationEngro being a storied and well established brand in fertilizers, infrastructure and IT solutions, it creates a great brand association and consumers can relate to Olpers as a high quality and exchange premium product. This is evidence that Engro Food in its first year crossed 1.4 billion sales figure.Financial BackingEngro being renowned brand and can attract foreign investors, which enable the m to compete with global brands like Nestle. They can afford high costs for research and developments for their current products and in introducing new products. strategical RelationshipEngro has been creating business relationship with farmers who supply milk to them which enables them to secure the supply and to solve shortage issues. Engro also has created long-term business relationship with distributors this help them to ensure smooth distribution through better channels to make sure that there are no shortages for their product. search and DevelopmentEngro for Olpers precisely has done besotted consumer and product research before launching the product and are continuing this practice post launch. This has helped them to emerge as a strong brand in food industry. To further development and new products, they have engaged various global research partners Mindshare, AC Nielsen, JWT Asiatic and MARS marketing and advertising agency. reconcile of the Art plantsOnly Engro Foods ha s the 3rd generation UHT milk plant in the country. It is the only plant that uses Bactofuge technology to virtually eliminate bacteria and ensure premium quality and hygiene.Parent CompanyNestle has a global presence and is recognized as a huge name worldwide. Nestle Pakistan has a strong support from its parent company, which is the worlds leading processed food and beverage company.Company ImageNestle has been doing business since many years. It has created an excellent image and reputation in consumers mind all around the world. This helps them to retain market even in unfavorable conditions.High Quality ProductsNestle always ensure to produce good quality products. Nestle being worldwide renowned company creates high quality product to retain that image and to attain consumer loyalty. It cannot compromise on quality as consumers nowadays are more quality conscious.Market ShareNestle has the highest market share almost in every SBUs line, like as in Milk pack Nestle pure life.B rand strengthNestle Pakistan has created some very strong brands like Nescafe, Milpak , Everyday, Nestle water and most of these brands have become generic to their product category. When a brand becomes generic it creates a strong presence in minds of consumer.Research Development TeamResearch and development is a continuous process at Nestle. It gives updated info on consumer behaviors, changing trends and consumer demands this helps Nestle to adapt to changing trends.Weakness of Engro FoodsWeakness of Nestle Pakistan en fibreEngro Food is mutually beneficial on Tetra Pak for packaging of its entire dairy products. It is the only option for them as Tetra pack has monopoly in packaging sector. This cause higher production costs.Distribution costAbout 85% milk collection centers of Engro Foods are located in Punjab, and its processing facility is in Sind. This huge distance increase distribution cost and increasing overall cost of production. Also it increases the chances of milk getting spoiled due to long travelling time.Narrow Product statementSince the launch of its first dairy product, Engro Foods has only extended to very few products, where as its competitors like Nestle has diversified and extensive product lines.Owning Red falsifyEngro Food like its competitors has not owned colors that identify its products. Colors represent products, like green represents Milkpak. There is no color connection accustomed to Olpers which creates problems for consumers in remembering the product.Less ProactiveNestle being a huge company is very less proactive to the demands. Unless competitors initiate a runnel or come up with new strategy, Nestle does not bring changes.Limited Distribution ChannelA major weakness of Nestle is their limited distribution channel as compared to their competitors. Nestle distribute their products to whole sellers in their own factory vehicles.Stock outsDue to their in-efficient distribution channels, Nestle has experienced stock out s on regular basis. This had adverse effect on companys image and consumer base. It also gives hazard for competitor to penetrate into market and capture large market share. superior BrandCommon men generally perceive Nestle as a premium brand, and have perception that all Nestle products would be highly expensive.Opportunities for Engro FoodOpportunities for Nestle PakistanGovernment FundingGovernment has provided increased funds to farmers. This has allowed farmers to invest in better storage facilities to save milk for longer period of time and to cope bad weather conditions.AwarenessExtensive awareness programs for health and hygiene has created awareness among consumers for the benefits of processed milk. More and more consumers are unfirm from loose milk to processed milk. This will create higher demands and consumption of processed milk. This is a great opportunity for growth and to gain more market. one-fifth Largest producer of milkPakistan is the 5th largest milk product ion country in the world, the country is blessed four seasons and high quality crop, good species of buffaloes and cows and largest line system. However it is only obtaining 2500ltr of milk per annum from an animal in comparison with 18000ltr per animal in developed countries. This is a good opportunity to increase production significantly by adopting best practices and modern techniques.Support from Foreign InvestorsGovernment is supporting overseas outlay in Pakistan which is a great opportunity for Nestle to expand its business in Pakistan and to cater large markets.Enhance Distribution ChannelNestle should work on its distribution channel to make it efficient in order to maintain supply of their products. This will not allow consumer to shift to competitors brand in case of stock outs.Changing Social TrendConsumers, curiously younger generation are hugely influenced by western societies. This has changed the trends for packed ready to use products. This changing social trend has created large demand and opportunity to increase market share.Best Practices and AssistanceNestle should invest in educating the farmers for best practices and providing them resources and assistance to create greater value and to ensure high capitalisation and quality.Threats for Engro FoodThreats for Nestle PakistanCompetitionEngro foods biggest competitors like Nestle has been in market since very long. For its brands it might be difficult to penetrate in the market where these brands have created loyalties and presence in mind of consumers.Perceptions and Price DifferentialsConsumer privilegeences and perceptions plays very important role in success of a brand. It is very important for Engro to understand and come up with ways to meet consumer expectations and provide quality that a brand promises. Price factor is also a very important factor, as still consumers prefer loose milk as it is cheaper than processed milk.EconomyHigher inflation rates is eroding buying power of c onsumers, making products more expensive to use.No Entry BarrierIndustry is growing at rapid rate,very low entry barriers making it attractive for new competitors.DependencyNestle is dependent on whole sellers and super market shelves which can be influenced by the competitors.Loss of Market ShareWhen the market drenches the loss of the market share of Nestle products is the major threat to them.Differentiated productsConsumers are indifferent to buying Engro products or Nestle. It is a threat to Nestle that consumers can easily shift to Engro products in case of any unfavorable condition.6.2 Pest AnalysisPEST analysis is used to determine and understand external factors such as Political, Economical, Social and technological, and their effect on business. For understanding Nestle and Engro foods position in market, we will carry out PEST analysis to understand the external forces.6.2.1 Political, Legal Economic FactorsPakistan current fiscal year inflation rate has been grown to 7 .7% which decreases the purchasing power of consumers as a whole and which also create higher impact on those products which veer from another products like packed milk powder milk because these is